Become A Member

Introduction: Panchakarma, a central therapeutic modality in Ayurveda, embodies the principle of Shodhana (purification). It is designed to eliminate aggravated doshas and accumulated metabolic toxins (ama), thereby restoring systemic balance. Beyond detoxification, Panchakarma is credited with immunomodulatory effects through enhancement of Ojas, the essence of vitality and immunity. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using primary Ayurvedic sources (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and secondary databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, and Google Scholar. The search covered the years 2000–2024. Inclusion criteria comprised clinical trials, experimental research, review articles, and conceptual papers focusing on Panchakarma, detoxification, and immune response. Non-English publications and non-relevant studies were excluded. Results: Classical texts highlight Panchakarma’s dual role in cleansing the body and enhancing resilience. Bio-purification is achieved through the five principal therapies (Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya, and Raktamokshana) and supported by preparatory and post-procedural regimens. Evidence suggests Panchakarma reduces oxidative stress, mobilizes fat-soluble toxins, regulates gut microbiota, and enhances immune markers such as NK cell activity, cytokine balance, and antioxidant enzymes. Clinical trials report improvements in autoimmune disorders, allergic conditions, metabolic syndrome, and stress-induced immunosuppression. Discussion: The immunomodulatory potential of Panchakarma resonates with modern concepts of detoxification, gut–immune axis regulation, and psychoneuroimmunology. However, heterogeneity in study design, lack of standardized protocols, and insufficient biomarker-based validation remain limitations. Conclusion: Panchakarma offers a holistic model of bio-purification with significant immunomodulatory benefits. Bridging classical principles with modern scientific evidence may strengthen its role in integrative medicine and global health strategies.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bio-purification, Immunity, Immunomodulation, Panchakarma