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Introduction: Autoimmune disorders are chronic, debilitating conditions in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Conventional management relies on immunosuppressive drugs, which often carry long-term side effects. Ayurveda conceptualizes autoimmune disorders as arising from aggravated doshas and impaired Agni, leading to Ama accumulation and deranged immunity (Ojas dysfunction). Panchakarma, the detoxification and rejuvenation therapy of Ayurveda, is considered a cornerstone in restoring systemic balance. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted by analyzing Ayurvedic classics (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya), standard commentaries, and biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, Google Scholar). Search terms included “Panchakarma,” “autoimmune disorders,” “Ayurveda immunology,” “detoxification,” and “clinical trials.” Publications from 2000–2024 were included. Both experimental and clinical studies focusing on Panchakarma interventions in autoimmune diseases were analyzed. Results: Classical texts prescribe Panchakarma—Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Raktamokshana, and Nasya—for disorders resembling autoimmune conditions such as Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis), Psoriasis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical studies suggest Panchakarma reduces inflammatory markers, improves quality of life, and modulates immune function. Mechanistic insights indicate that Panchakarma enhances detoxification, regulates gut microbiota, improves metabolism, and restores immune tolerance. Evidence highlights its role in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ulcerative colitis. Discussion: Panchakarma provides a holistic approach by addressing root causes (Ama, Agni, Dosha imbalance) while modern evidence supports its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and stress-reducing effects. However, standardization, large-scale randomized controlled trials, and biomarker validation remain key gaps. Conclusion: Panchakarma holds significant promise as a complementary approach in autoimmune disorder management, integrating detoxification, immune modulation, and lifestyle correction. Future interdisciplinary studies can establish its role in global healthcare for chronic immune-mediated diseases.

KEYWORDS: Ama, Autoimmune disorders, Immunomodulation, Panchakarma, Rheumatoid arthritis